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  2. Amaral FA, Costa VV, et al: NLRP3 inflammasome–mediated neutrophil recruitment and hypernociception depend on leukotriene B (4) in a murine model of gout. Arthritis Rheum, 2012; 64: 474–484.

  3. Urano W, Yamanaka H, et al: The inflammatory process in the mechanism of decreased serum uric acid concentrations during acute gouty arthritis. J Rheumatol, 2002; 29: 1950–1953.

  4. Neogi T, Jansen TL, et al: 2015 Gout classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis, 2015; 74: 1789–1798.

  5. Thiele RG, Schlesinger N: Diagnosis of gout by ultrasound. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2007; 46: 1116–1121.

  6. Ichikawa N, Tanuguchi A, et al: Comorbidities in patients with gout. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids, 2011; 30: 1045–1050.

  7. 高尿酸血症・痛風の治療ガイドライン改訂委員会編：高尿酸血症・痛風の治療ガイドライン 第2版，メディカルレビュー社，2010.

  8. 高尿酸血症・痛風の治療ガイドライン改訂委員会編：高尿酸血症・痛風の治療ガイドライン 第3版，診断と治療社，2018.

  9. Kimura K, Hosoya T, et al: Febuxostat therapy for patients with stage 3 CKD and asymptomatic hyperuricemia: a randomized trial. Am J Kidney Dis, 2018; 72: 798–810.

  10. Seth R, Kydd AS, et al: Preventing attacks of acute gout when introducing urate–lowering therapy: a systematic literature review. J Rheumatol Suppl, 2014; 92: 42–47.

  11. Kamantani N, Fujimori S, et al: Multicenter, open–label study of long–term administration of febuxostat (TMX–67) in Japanese patients with hyperuricemia including gout. J Clin Rheumatol, 2011; 17: S50–S56.

  12. Hosoya T, Sasaki T, et al: Clinical efficacy and safety of topiroxostat in Japanese hyperuricemic patients with or without gout: a randomized, double-blinded, controlled phase 2b study. Clin Rheumatol, 2017; 36: 649–656.

  13. Kuriyama S: Dotinurad: a novel selective urate reabsorption inhibitor as a future therapeutic option for hyperuricemia. Clin Exp Nephrol, 2020; 24(Suppl1): 1–5.

  14. Shoji A, Yamanaka H, et al: A retrospective study of the relationship between serum urate level and recurrent attacks of gouty arthritis: evidence for reduction of recurrent gouty arthritis with antihyperuricemic therapy. Arthritis Rheum, 2004; 51: 321–325.

  15. Yates KA, Yoshida K, et al: Acute calcium pyrophosphate crystal arthritis flare rate and risk factors for recurrence. J Rheumatol, 2020; 47: 1261–1266.

  16. Sousa APD, Moura C, et al: Calcium crystal–associated arthropathy mimicking a febrile systemic inflammatory disease in an elderly patient. Oxf Med Case Reports, 2019; 2019: omz030.