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  1. Nakatani S, Mitsutake K, et al: Recent picture of infective endocarditis in Japan. Lessons from Cardiac Disease Registration (CADRE–IE). Circ J, 2013; 77: 1558–1564.

  2. Olsen T, Jorgensen OD, et al: Incidence of device–related infection in 97 750 patients: clinical data from the complete Danish device–cohort (1982–2018). Eur Heart J, 2019; 40: 1862–1869.

  3. Mylonakis E, Calderwood SB: Infective endocarditis in adults. N Engl J Med, 2001; 345: 1318–1330.

  4. 日本循環器学会，日本心臓病学会，他：感染性心内膜炎の予防と治療に関するガイドライン (2017年改訂版)，2018．http://www.j-circ.or.jp/guideline/pdf/JCS2017_nakatani_h.pdf

  5. Habib G, Lancellotti P, et al: 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J, 2015; 36: 3075–3123.